What is the central processing unit commonly referred to as?

The central processing unit (CPU) is commonly referred to as a microprocessor. This term highlights the compact nature of modern CPUs, which integrate the various functions of processing, control, and arithmetic computations into a single chip. The microprocessor is fundamental to computer operations, executing instructions and managing data flow within the system.

The other terms listed refer to different components or concepts within computing. The control unit is a portion of the CPU that directs the operation of the processor, telling it how to execute instructions but is not synonymous with the CPU itself. A minicomputer is a type of computer that was popular in the 1960s and 1970s, referring to a mid-sized computer that is not directly representative of the CPU. Finally, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is another component within the CPU responsible for performing mathematical and logical operations, but again, it does not encompass the full functionality of the CPU as a whole. Thus, microprocessor accurately captures the essence of the central processing unit's function and structure.