What topology consists of cable segments from each computer connected to a centralized component?

The topology that consists of cable segments from each computer connected to a centralized component is the star topology. In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, and communication between those devices occurs through this central point. This design allows for easy addition or removal of devices without impacting the network as a whole. If one connection fails, it does not bring down the entire network, which enhances reliability and simplifies troubleshooting.

In contrast, bus topology utilizes a single central cable to which all computers are connected; if the cable fails, the entire network goes down. Ring topology connects each device in a circular manner, where each device is connected to two others, creating a closed loop; the failure of one device can disrupt the entire network. Hybrid topology combines elements of different topologies, which may include star, bus, or ring configurations. However, none of these alternatives exhibit the same characteristics of centralized connectivity as the star topology does.