What topology consists of devices connected to a common, shared cable?

The bus topology is characterized by its use of a single communication line, or "bus," to which all network devices are directly connected. In this configuration, data packets are sent along the shared cable, and every device on the network can receive the signal. This means that all devices "listen" for messages that are addressed to them while transmitting their own messages on the bus.

Bus topology is efficient for smaller networks due to its simplicity and minimal cabling requirements. However, it may become less efficient and more prone to signal degradation and collisions as the number of connected devices increases. This topology does not require a central hub or switch, which differentiates it from other topologies like star or ring, where devices are interconnected through a central point or in a circular fashion, respectively.

Understanding bus topology is essential when designing and troubleshooting network configurations, particularly in scenarios where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are primary concerns.